:: The camping trip was to an organized campground with activities for a bunch of a middle schoolers, not the "middle of nowhere." They were lost coming back.
:: They went off-road on an old road that literally no one used anymore and was not even on the maps, Ochi only knew about it because he was a local. This is discussed at length.
:: The entire valley was carved out by a meteor that left magnetic rock throughout the area, compasses are useless in the jungle too! Remember when Yuuji is trekking back up with her at the end and tries his?
:: This point is actually addressed in a later game. The simple answer is Kazuki encouraged the toilet plan because she was afraid someone would try this exact bright idea with the gasoline. Gasoline fires are VERY dangerous and can't be put out with water - water will only spread the oil around, increasing the size of the flames. They try to make fires using branches in the game, but because the wood is damp, they are not able to get enough smoke to go through the heavy canopy above.
:: A toilet is very simple. A catapult is not. This isn't realistic considering their lack of raw material and handicraft knowhow.
:: This isn't a one-sided cliff face. As the game makes clear, it's a gorge with walls hanging over on both sides that are not possible to climb because of the meteor impact. Also goes for the other option. The forest is their only physical way out.